LinearElasticity Class Reference

Inheritance diagram for LinearElasticity:

Public Member Functions
	LinearElasticity (EquationSystems &es_in)
Real	kronecker_delta (unsigned int i, unsigned int j)
	Kronecker delta function. More...
Real	elasticity_tensor (unsigned int i, unsigned int j, unsigned int k, unsigned int l)
	Evaluate the fourth order tensor (C_ijkl) that relates stress to strain. More...
void	assemble ()
	Assemble the system matrix and right-hand side vector. More...
void	compute_stresses ()
	LinearElasticity (EquationSystems &es_in)
Real	kronecker_delta (unsigned int i, unsigned int j)
	Kronecker delta function. More...
Real	elasticity_tensor (unsigned int i, unsigned int j, unsigned int k, unsigned int l)
	Evaluate the fourth order tensor (C_ijkl) that relates stress to strain. More...
void	assemble ()
	Assemble the system matrix and right-hand side vector. More...

Private Attributes
EquationSystems &	es

Detailed Description

Definition at line 117 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

LinearElasticity() [1/2]

LinearElasticity::LinearElasticity ( EquationSystems &  es_in )

inline

Definition at line 124 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

                                             :
    es(es_in)
  {}

LinearElasticity() [2/2]

LinearElasticity::LinearElasticity ( EquationSystems &  es_in )

inline

Definition at line 201 of file systems_of_equations_ex9.C.

                                             :
    es(es_in)
  {}

Member Function Documentation

assemble() [1/2]

void LinearElasticity::assemble ( )

inlinevirtual

Assemble the system matrix and right-hand side vector.

Implements libMesh::System::Assembly.

Definition at line 160 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

References libMesh::SparseMatrix< T >::add_matrix(), libMesh::NumericVector< T >::add_vector(), libMesh::FEGenericBase< OutputType >::build(), libMesh::DofMap::constrain_element_matrix_and_vector(), libMesh::FEType::default_quadrature_order(), dim, libMesh::DofMap::dof_indices(), elasticity_tensor(), libMesh::MeshBase::get_boundary_info(), libMesh::System::get_dof_map(), libMesh::EquationSystems::get_mesh(), libMesh::EquationSystems::get_system(), libMesh::ImplicitSystem::get_system_matrix(), libMesh::BoundaryInfo::has_boundary_id(), mesh, libMesh::MeshBase::mesh_dimension(), libMesh::DenseVector< T >::resize(), libMesh::DenseMatrix< T >::resize(), libMesh::ExplicitSystem::rhs, libMesh::System::variable_number(), and libMesh::DofMap::variable_type().

  {
    const MeshBase & mesh = es.get_mesh();

    const unsigned int dim = mesh.mesh_dimension();

    LinearImplicitSystem & system = es.get_system<LinearImplicitSystem>("Elasticity");

    const unsigned int u_var = system.variable_number ("u");

    const DofMap & dof_map = system.get_dof_map();
    FEType fe_type = dof_map.variable_type(u_var);
    std::unique_ptr<FEBase> fe (FEBase::build(dim, fe_type));
    QGauss qrule (dim, fe_type.default_quadrature_order());
    fe->attach_quadrature_rule (&qrule);

    std::unique_ptr<FEBase> fe_face (FEBase::build(dim, fe_type));
    QGauss qface(dim-1, fe_type.default_quadrature_order());
    fe_face->attach_quadrature_rule (&qface);

    const std::vector<Real> & JxW = fe->get_JxW();
    const std::vector<std::vector<Real>> & phi = fe->get_phi();
    const std::vector<std::vector<RealGradient>> & dphi = fe->get_dphi();

    DenseMatrix<Number> Ke;
    DenseSubMatrix<Number> Ke_var[3][3] =
      {
        {DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke)},
        {DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke)},
        {DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke)}
      };

    DenseVector<Number> Fe;

    DenseSubVector<Number> Fe_var[3] =
      {DenseSubVector<Number>(Fe),
       DenseSubVector<Number>(Fe),
       DenseSubVector<Number>(Fe)};

    std::vector<dof_id_type> dof_indices;
    std::vector<std::vector<dof_id_type>> dof_indices_var(3);

    SparseMatrix<Number> & matrix = system.get_system_matrix();

    for (const auto & elem : mesh.active_local_element_ptr_range())
      {
        dof_map.dof_indices (elem, dof_indices);
        for (unsigned int var=0; var<3; var++)
          dof_map.dof_indices (elem, dof_indices_var[var], var);

        const unsigned int n_dofs   = dof_indices.size();
        const unsigned int n_var_dofs = dof_indices_var[0].size();

        fe->reinit (elem);

        Ke.resize (n_dofs, n_dofs);
        for (unsigned int var_i=0; var_i<3; var_i++)
          for (unsigned int var_j=0; var_j<3; var_j++)
            Ke_var[var_i][var_j].reposition (var_i*n_var_dofs, var_j*n_var_dofs, n_var_dofs, n_var_dofs);

        Fe.resize (n_dofs);
        for (unsigned int var=0; var<3; var++)
          Fe_var[var].reposition (var*n_var_dofs, n_var_dofs);

        for (unsigned int qp=0; qp<qrule.n_points(); qp++)
          {
            // assemble \int_Omega C_ijkl u_k,l v_i,j \dx
            for (unsigned int dof_i=0; dof_i<n_var_dofs; dof_i++)
              for (unsigned int dof_j=0; dof_j<n_var_dofs; dof_j++)
                for (unsigned int i=0; i<3; i++)
                  for (unsigned int j=0; j<3; j++)
                    for (unsigned int k=0; k<3; k++)
                      for (unsigned int l=0; l<3; l++)
                        Ke_var[i][k](dof_i,dof_j) +=
                          JxW[qp] * elasticity_tensor(i,j,k,l) * dphi[dof_j][qp](l) * dphi[dof_i][qp](j);

            // assemble \int_Omega f_i v_i \dx
            VectorValue<Number> f_vec(0., 0., -1.);
            for (unsigned int dof_i=0; dof_i<n_var_dofs; dof_i++)
              for (unsigned int i=0; i<3; i++)
                Fe_var[i](dof_i) += JxW[qp] * (f_vec(i) * phi[dof_i][qp]);
          }

        // assemble \int_\Gamma g_i v_i \ds
        VectorValue<Number> g_vec(0., 0., -1.);
        {
          for (auto side : elem->side_index_range())
            if (elem->neighbor_ptr(side) == nullptr)
              {
                const std::vector<std::vector<Real>> & phi_face = fe_face->get_phi();
                const std::vector<Real> & JxW_face = fe_face->get_JxW();

                fe_face->reinit(elem, side);

                // Apply a traction
                for (unsigned int qp=0; qp<qface.n_points(); qp++)
                  if (mesh.get_boundary_info().has_boundary_id(elem, side, BOUNDARY_ID_MAX_X))
                    for (unsigned int dof_i=0; dof_i<n_var_dofs; dof_i++)
                      for (unsigned int i=0; i<3; i++)
                        Fe_var[i](dof_i) += JxW_face[qp] * (g_vec(i) * phi_face[dof_i][qp]);
              }
        }

        dof_map.constrain_element_matrix_and_vector (Ke, Fe, dof_indices);

        matrix.add_matrix         (Ke, dof_indices);
        system.rhs->add_vector    (Fe, dof_indices);
      }
  }

assemble() [2/2]

void LinearElasticity::assemble ( )

inlinevirtual

Assemble the system matrix and right-hand side vector.

Implements libMesh::System::Assembly.

Definition at line 237 of file systems_of_equations_ex9.C.

References libMesh::SparseMatrix< T >::add_matrix(), libMesh::NumericVector< T >::add_vector(), libMesh::FEGenericBase< OutputType >::build(), libMesh::DofMap::constrain_element_matrix_and_vector(), libMesh::FEType::default_quadrature_order(), dim, libMesh::DofMap::dof_indices(), elasticity_tensor(), libMesh::System::get_dof_map(), libMesh::EquationSystems::get_mesh(), libMesh::EquationSystems::get_system(), libMesh::ImplicitSystem::get_system_matrix(), mesh, libMesh::MeshBase::mesh_dimension(), libMesh::DenseVector< T >::resize(), libMesh::DenseMatrix< T >::resize(), libMesh::ExplicitSystem::rhs, libMesh::System::variable_number(), and libMesh::DofMap::variable_type().

  {
    const MeshBase & mesh = es.get_mesh();

    const unsigned int dim = mesh.mesh_dimension();

    LinearImplicitSystem & system = es.get_system<LinearImplicitSystem>("Elasticity");

    const unsigned int u_var = system.variable_number ("u");

    const DofMap & dof_map = system.get_dof_map();
    FEType fe_type = dof_map.variable_type(u_var);
    std::unique_ptr<FEBase> fe (FEBase::build(dim, fe_type));
    QGauss qrule (dim, fe_type.default_quadrature_order());
    fe->attach_quadrature_rule (&qrule);

    std::unique_ptr<FEBase> fe_face (FEBase::build(dim, fe_type));
    QGauss qface(dim-1, fe_type.default_quadrature_order());
    fe_face->attach_quadrature_rule (&qface);

    const std::vector<Real> & JxW = fe->get_JxW();
    const std::vector<std::vector<Real>> & phi = fe->get_phi();
    const std::vector<std::vector<RealGradient>> & dphi = fe->get_dphi();

    DenseMatrix<Number> Ke;
    DenseSubMatrix<Number> Ke_var[3][3] =
      {
        {DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke)},
        {DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke)},
        {DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke), DenseSubMatrix<Number>(Ke)}
      };

    DenseVector<Number> Fe;

    DenseSubVector<Number> Fe_var[3] =
      {DenseSubVector<Number>(Fe),
       DenseSubVector<Number>(Fe),
       DenseSubVector<Number>(Fe)};

    std::vector<dof_id_type> dof_indices;
    std::vector<std::vector<dof_id_type>> dof_indices_var(3);

    SparseMatrix<Number> & matrix = system.get_system_matrix();

    for (const auto & elem : mesh.active_local_element_ptr_range())
      {
        dof_map.dof_indices (elem, dof_indices);
        for (unsigned int var=0; var<3; var++)
          dof_map.dof_indices (elem, dof_indices_var[var], var);

        const unsigned int n_dofs   = dof_indices.size();
        const unsigned int n_var_dofs = dof_indices_var[0].size();

        fe->reinit (elem);

        Ke.resize (n_dofs, n_dofs);
        for (unsigned int var_i=0; var_i<3; var_i++)
          for (unsigned int var_j=0; var_j<3; var_j++)
            Ke_var[var_i][var_j].reposition (var_i*n_var_dofs, var_j*n_var_dofs, n_var_dofs, n_var_dofs);

        Fe.resize (n_dofs);
        for (unsigned int var=0; var<3; var++)
          Fe_var[var].reposition (var*n_var_dofs, n_var_dofs);

        for (unsigned int qp=0; qp<qrule.n_points(); qp++)
          {
            // assemble \int_Omega C_ijkl u_k,l v_i,j \dx
            for (unsigned int dof_i=0; dof_i<n_var_dofs; dof_i++)
              for (unsigned int dof_j=0; dof_j<n_var_dofs; dof_j++)
                for (unsigned int i=0; i<3; i++)
                  for (unsigned int j=0; j<3; j++)
                    for (unsigned int k=0; k<3; k++)
                      for (unsigned int l=0; l<3; l++)
                        Ke_var[i][k](dof_i,dof_j) +=
                          JxW[qp] * elasticity_tensor(i,j,k,l) * dphi[dof_j][qp](l) * dphi[dof_i][qp](j);

            // assemble \int_Omega f_i v_i \dx
            // The mesh for this example has two subdomains with ids 1
            // and 101, and the forcing function is different on each.
            auto f_vec = (elem->subdomain_id() == 101 ?
                          VectorValue<Number>(1., 1., 0.) :
                          VectorValue<Number>(0.36603, 1.36603, 0.));

            for (unsigned int dof_i=0; dof_i<n_var_dofs; dof_i++)
              for (unsigned int i=0; i<3; i++)
                Fe_var[i](dof_i) += JxW[qp] * (f_vec(i) * phi[dof_i][qp]);
          }

        dof_map.constrain_element_matrix_and_vector (Ke, Fe, dof_indices);

        matrix.add_matrix         (Ke, dof_indices);
        system.rhs->add_vector    (Fe, dof_indices);
      }
  }

compute_stresses()

void LinearElasticity::compute_stresses ( )

inline

Definition at line 271 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

References libMesh::FEGenericBase< OutputType >::build(), libMesh::DenseMatrix< T >::cholesky_solve(), libMesh::System::current_solution(), libMesh::FEType::default_quadrature_order(), dim, libMesh::DofMap::dof_indices(), elasticity_tensor(), libMesh::System::get_dof_map(), libMesh::EquationSystems::get_mesh(), libMesh::EquationSystems::get_system(), mesh, libMesh::MeshBase::mesh_dimension(), libMesh::System::n_vars(), libMesh::System::solution, std::sqrt(), libMesh::System::update(), libMesh::System::variable_number(), and libMesh::DofMap::variable_type().

Referenced by main().

  {
    const MeshBase & mesh = es.get_mesh();
    const unsigned int dim = mesh.mesh_dimension();

    LinearImplicitSystem & system = es.get_system<LinearImplicitSystem>("Elasticity");

    unsigned int displacement_vars[3];
    displacement_vars[0] = system.variable_number ("u");
    displacement_vars[1] = system.variable_number ("v");
    displacement_vars[2] = system.variable_number ("w");
    const unsigned int u_var = system.variable_number ("u");

    const DofMap & dof_map = system.get_dof_map();
    FEType fe_type = dof_map.variable_type(u_var);
    std::unique_ptr<FEBase> fe (FEBase::build(dim, fe_type));
    QGauss qrule (dim, fe_type.default_quadrature_order());
    fe->attach_quadrature_rule (&qrule);

    const std::vector<Real> & JxW = fe->get_JxW();
    const std::vector<std::vector<Real>> & phi = fe->get_phi();
    const std::vector<std::vector<RealGradient>> & dphi = fe->get_dphi();

    // Also, get a reference to the ExplicitSystem
    ExplicitSystem & stress_system = es.get_system<ExplicitSystem>("StressSystem");
    const DofMap & stress_dof_map = stress_system.get_dof_map();
    unsigned int sigma_vars[6];
    sigma_vars[0] = stress_system.variable_number ("sigma_00");
    sigma_vars[1] = stress_system.variable_number ("sigma_01");
    sigma_vars[2] = stress_system.variable_number ("sigma_02");
    sigma_vars[3] = stress_system.variable_number ("sigma_11");
    sigma_vars[4] = stress_system.variable_number ("sigma_12");
    sigma_vars[5] = stress_system.variable_number ("sigma_22");
    unsigned int vonMises_var = stress_system.variable_number ("vonMises");

    // Storage for the stress dof indices on each element
    std::vector<std::vector<dof_id_type>> dof_indices_var(system.n_vars());
    std::vector<dof_id_type> stress_dof_indices_var;
    std::vector<dof_id_type> vonmises_dof_indices_var;

    for (const auto & elem : mesh.active_local_element_ptr_range())
      {
        for (unsigned int var=0; var<3; var++)
          dof_map.dof_indices (elem, dof_indices_var[var], displacement_vars[var]);

        const unsigned int n_var_dofs = dof_indices_var[0].size();

        fe->reinit (elem);

        std::vector<TensorValue<Number>> stress_tensor_qp(qrule.n_points());
        for (unsigned int qp=0; qp<qrule.n_points(); qp++)
          {
            // Row is variable u1, u2, or u3, column is x, y, or z
            TensorValue<Number> grad_u;
            for (unsigned int var_i=0; var_i<3; var_i++)
              for (unsigned int var_j=0; var_j<3; var_j++)
                for (unsigned int j=0; j<n_var_dofs; j++)
                  grad_u(var_i,var_j) += dphi[j][qp](var_j) * system.current_solution(dof_indices_var[var_i][j]);

            for (unsigned int var_i=0; var_i<3; var_i++)
              for (unsigned int var_j=0; var_j<3; var_j++)
                for (unsigned int k=0; k<3; k++)
                  for (unsigned int l=0; l<3; l++)
                    stress_tensor_qp[qp](var_i,var_j) += elasticity_tensor(var_i,var_j,k,l) * grad_u(k,l);
          }

        stress_dof_map.dof_indices (elem, vonmises_dof_indices_var, vonMises_var);
        std::vector<TensorValue<Number>> elem_sigma_vec(vonmises_dof_indices_var.size());

        // Below we project each component of the stress tensor onto a L2_LAGRANGE discretization.
        // Note that this gives a discontinuous stress plot on element boundaries, which is
        // appropriate. We then also get the von Mises stress from the projected stress tensor.
        unsigned int stress_var_index = 0;
        for (unsigned int var_i=0; var_i<3; var_i++)
          for (unsigned int var_j=var_i; var_j<3; var_j++)
            {
              stress_dof_map.dof_indices (elem, stress_dof_indices_var, sigma_vars[stress_var_index]);

              const unsigned int n_proj_dofs = stress_dof_indices_var.size();

              DenseMatrix<Real> Me(n_proj_dofs, n_proj_dofs);
              for (unsigned int qp=0; qp<qrule.n_points(); qp++)
                {
                  for(unsigned int i=0; i<n_proj_dofs; i++)
                    for(unsigned int j=0; j<n_proj_dofs; j++)
                      {
                        Me(i,j) += JxW[qp]*(phi[i][qp]*phi[j][qp]);
                      }
                }

              DenseVector<Number> Fe(n_proj_dofs);
              for (unsigned int qp=0; qp<qrule.n_points(); qp++)
                for(unsigned int i=0; i<n_proj_dofs; i++)
                  {
                    Fe(i) += JxW[qp] * stress_tensor_qp[qp](var_i,var_j) * phi[i][qp];
                  }

              DenseVector<Number> projected_data;
              Me.cholesky_solve(Fe, projected_data);

              for(unsigned int index=0; index<n_proj_dofs; index++)
                {
                  dof_id_type dof_index = stress_dof_indices_var[index];
                  if ((stress_system.solution->first_local_index() <= dof_index) &&
                      (dof_index < stress_system.solution->last_local_index()))
                    stress_system.solution->set(dof_index, projected_data(index));

                  elem_sigma_vec[index](var_i,var_j) = projected_data(index);
                }

              stress_var_index++;
            }

        for (std::size_t index=0; index<elem_sigma_vec.size(); index++)
          {
            elem_sigma_vec[index](1,0) = elem_sigma_vec[index](0,1);
            elem_sigma_vec[index](2,0) = elem_sigma_vec[index](0,2);
            elem_sigma_vec[index](2,1) = elem_sigma_vec[index](1,2);

            // Get the von Mises stress from the projected stress tensor
            Number vonMises_value = std::sqrt(0.5*(Utility::pow<2>(elem_sigma_vec[index](0,0) - elem_sigma_vec[index](1,1)) +
                                                   Utility::pow<2>(elem_sigma_vec[index](1,1) - elem_sigma_vec[index](2,2)) +
                                                   Utility::pow<2>(elem_sigma_vec[index](2,2) - elem_sigma_vec[index](0,0)) +
                                                   6.*(Utility::pow<2>(elem_sigma_vec[index](0,1)) +
                                                       Utility::pow<2>(elem_sigma_vec[index](1,2)) +
                                                       Utility::pow<2>(elem_sigma_vec[index](2,0)))));

            dof_id_type dof_index = vonmises_dof_indices_var[index];

            if ((stress_system.solution->first_local_index() <= dof_index) &&
                (dof_index < stress_system.solution->last_local_index()))
              stress_system.solution->set(dof_index, vonMises_value);
          }
      }

    // Should call close and update when we set vector entries directly
    stress_system.solution->close();
    stress_system.update();
  }

elasticity_tensor() [1/2]

Real LinearElasticity::elasticity_tensor ( unsigned int  i, unsigned int  j, unsigned int  k, unsigned int  l  )

inline

Evaluate the fourth order tensor (C_ijkl) that relates stress to strain.

Definition at line 140 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

References kronecker_delta(), and libMesh::Real.

  {
    // Hard code material parameters for the sake of simplicity
    const Real poisson_ratio = 0.3;
    const Real young_modulus = 1.;

    // Define the Lame constants
    const Real lambda_1 = (young_modulus*poisson_ratio)/((1.+poisson_ratio)*(1.-2.*poisson_ratio));
    const Real lambda_2 = young_modulus/(2.*(1.+poisson_ratio));

    return lambda_1 * kronecker_delta(i, j) * kronecker_delta(k, l) +
      lambda_2 * (kronecker_delta(i, k) * kronecker_delta(j, l) + kronecker_delta(i, l) * kronecker_delta(j, k));
  }

elasticity_tensor() [2/2]

Real LinearElasticity::elasticity_tensor ( unsigned int  i, unsigned int  j, unsigned int  k, unsigned int  l  )

inline

Evaluate the fourth order tensor (C_ijkl) that relates stress to strain.

Definition at line 217 of file systems_of_equations_ex9.C.

References kronecker_delta(), and libMesh::Real.

  {
    // Hard code material parameters for the sake of simplicity
    const Real poisson_ratio = 0.3;
    const Real young_modulus = 1.;

    // Define the Lame constants
    const Real lambda_1 = (young_modulus*poisson_ratio)/((1.+poisson_ratio)*(1.-2.*poisson_ratio));
    const Real lambda_2 = young_modulus/(2.*(1.+poisson_ratio));

    return lambda_1 * kronecker_delta(i, j) * kronecker_delta(k, l) +
      lambda_2 * (kronecker_delta(i, k) * kronecker_delta(j, l) + kronecker_delta(i, l) * kronecker_delta(j, k));
  }

kronecker_delta() [1/2]

Real LinearElasticity::kronecker_delta ( unsigned int  i, unsigned int  j  )

inline

Kronecker delta function.

Definition at line 131 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

  {
    return i == j ? 1. : 0.;
  }

kronecker_delta() [2/2]

Real LinearElasticity::kronecker_delta ( unsigned int  i, unsigned int  j  )

inline

Kronecker delta function.

Definition at line 208 of file systems_of_equations_ex9.C.

  {
    return i == j ? 1. : 0.;
  }

Member Data Documentation

es

EquationSystems & LinearElasticity::es

private

Definition at line 120 of file systems_of_equations_ex6.C.

---

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• examples/systems_of_equations/systems_of_equations_ex6/systems_of_equations_ex6.C
• examples/systems_of_equations/systems_of_equations_ex9/systems_of_equations_ex9.C